What is a mastectomy?

A mastectomy is defined as the surgical removal of the breast, typically performed to treat or prevent breast cancer. This procedure may involve the complete removal of one or both breasts, depending on the diagnosis and the patient's specific situation. By removing breast tissue, the goal is to eliminate cancerous cells and reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.

The other options refer to surgical procedures targeting different organs. The thyroid gland is associated with option B, which involves a different type of surgery called a thyroidectomy. Option C pertains to procedures involving reproductive organs, specifically ovarian tissue. Lastly, option D relates to surgery for prostate issues, distinct from any procedures related to breast surgery. Each of these options addresses different medical conditions and surgical interventions, making the selection of the surgical removal of the breast as the correct understanding of a mastectomy.