What condition does GERD describe?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by the condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This backflow, or reflux, occurs due to the relaxation or weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is the muscle that acts as a barrier between the stomach and the esophagus. When this sphincter does not function properly, acidic contents from the stomach can enter the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and discomfort. Understanding GERD is crucial for recognizing its symptoms and the implications for digestive health.

Other options describe different conditions that are not related to GERD. For instance, an infection of the intestines typically refers to gastroenteritis, while a closure of the esophageal sphincter would prevent reflux, and an ulcer in the stomach pertains to peptic ulcers, which is distinctly different from the mechanism involved in GERD.